{"id":2796,"date":"2025-01-03T10:01:26","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T10:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/friscotimes.org\/?p=2796"},"modified":"2025-01-03T10:01:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T10:01:26","slug":"pakistan-madrasas-html","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/friscotimes.org\/?p=2796","title":{"rendered":"A Long Fight to Keep a Closer Eye on Madrasas Unravels in Pakistan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">They draw millions of poor Pakistani children with the simple promise of free education, meals and housing. For devout families, they offer Islamic learning rooted in ancient tradition.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But to the Pakistani government and Western counterterrorism officials, the religious seminaries known as madrasas also represent a potential threat. The institutions have long been accused of contributing to violence and radicalization, supplying recruits for the Taliban, Al Qaeda and other militant groups.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Now, Pakistan\u2019s Islamic schools are at the center of an intense political clash \u2014 one that jeopardizes years of hard-won progress toward bringing the seminaries under the government\u2019s regulatory umbrella.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The conflict goes back to 2019, when the government enacted a sweeping overhaul requiring madrasas to register with the Ministry of Education. The effort, meant to increase accountability for institutions that have historically operated with minimal state oversight, was strongly backed by Pakistan\u2019s military but faced vehement resistance from Islamist political parties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In October 2024, the largest of those parties, Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, secured a deal with the government to end the registration requirement. Under the agreement, madrasas would be registered as they had been before 2019, under a colonial-era law governing charitable, scientific and educational groups. That law provides little oversight of<span class=\"css-8l6xbc evw5hdy0\">  <\/span>curriculums, activities or funding.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In exchange, Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam agreed to support unrelated constitutional amendments on judicial appointments that had set off a firestorm of controversy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">As the end of the year approached, however, the government had still not implemented the change. It cited concerns that reverting to the older system could undermine counterterrorism efforts, weaken oversight and breach international commitments to combat money laundering and terrorism financing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The delay triggered threats of anti-government protests in Islamabad, the capital, adding to the government\u2019s challenges amid frequent marches by supporters of Imran Khan, the ousted prime minister.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe are firm on the agreed madrasa registration terms and will ensure they are upheld,\u201d Maulana Fazlur Rehman, the chief of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, warned in Parliament last month. \u201cIf the government deviates, the decision won\u2019t be made in Parliament, but on the streets.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Late last week, the government finally approved the new registration provision, allowing madrasas to choose between modern oversight and the colonial-era framework. The move, in effect, discards the 2019 efforts to reform religious schools in favor of short-term political stability.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When Pakistan was created 77 years ago, madrasas numbered in the dozens. They gained prominence and grew significantly in the 1980s, when U.S. and Arab funding transformed them into recruitment hubs for Islamic volunteers to fight Soviet forces in neighboring Afghanistan. Today, there are about 30,000 madrasas in Pakistan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Pakistan came under increased pressure to regulate the religious schools after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, said <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/politics-and-religion\/article\/political-survival-through-religious-instrumentalism-jamiat-ulamaeislam-fazlur-rehmans-resistance-to-madrassah-reforms-in-pakistan\/F76F465DCA117554922E08D48EB02AC3?utm_campaign=shareaholic&amp;utm_medium=copy_link&amp;utm_source=bookmark\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Abdur Rehman Shah<\/a>, a madrasa affairs expert affiliated with Tongji University in Shanghai.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe post-9\/11 war on terror and events like the 2005 London bombings raised global concerns about the lack of effective madrasa monitoring,\u201d Mr. Shah said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After militants attacked a military-run school in northwestern Pakistan in 2014, killing more than 145 people \u2014 mostly children \u2014 observation of madrasas became central to counterterrorism efforts. Security agencies used GPS to map the schools and carried out raids and interrogations targeting seminaries suspected of militant links, Mr. Shah said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 2019, the government established the new regulatory framework to curb Islamist parties\u2019 influence over the seminary boards that govern madrasas. More than 17,500 madrasas enrolling 2.2 million students were registered with the Ministry of Education, according to official data.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Registration streamlined visa processing for international students, as madrasas attracted increasing interest not only from the Pakistani diaspora but also from students in African and Southeast Asian countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-6\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">However, many seminaries, particularly those aligned with Islamist parties, including the country\u2019s largest and most prominent ones, resisted integration into the formal system, citing fear of government interference in religious education.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After the government agreed last October to end the requirement for registration with the Ministry of Education, officials hesitated to move forward in part because of intensified scrutiny from the Financial Action Task Force, a global watchdog based in Paris.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-7\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The task force had placed Pakistan on its \u201cgray list\u201d from 2018 to 2022 for deficiencies in combating money laundering and terrorism financing \u2014 a designation that often leads to reduced foreign investment and heightened financial oversight.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cF.A.T.F.\u2019s main demand was a crackdown on terrorism financing, particularly targeting U.N.-designated individuals and entities, including their madrasas,\u201d said <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/profiles.ucalgary.ca\/sanaa-ahmed\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Sanaa Ahmed<\/a>, an assistant professor of law at the University of Calgary who researches illicit financial flows and terrorism financing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-8\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">To comply with the task force\u2019s requirements, Pakistan in 2019 seized control of several madrasas linked to banned militant groups such as Jaish-e-Muhammad and Lashkar-e-Taiba.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But after more than two decades of increased examination of madrasas, education experts argue that the efforts overlook a deeper crisis: the country\u2019s struggling public education system, which fails to meet the needs of millions of children, particularly from low-income families.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Pakistan has the second-highest number of out-of-school children globally, with 22.8 million ages 5 to 16 not attending school \u2014 44 percent of this age group, according to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/pakistan\/education\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">UNICEF<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Madrasas, supported by private donations, partly fill the gaps in the public system. For many poor families, they are the only viable option.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-9\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">One recent day, in a modest building in a low-income neighborhood in southern Pakistan, the air was filled with young voices reciting verses from the Quran.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-10\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Inside, hundreds of young men \u2014 some barely in their teens \u2014 sat cross-legged on woven mats. Their heads, covered with cotton-knit caps, were bowed over Islamic books, fingers tracing the Arabic script. Some were memorizing the holy verses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Madrasas emphasize Islamic theology, often with sectarian leanings, and Arabic, a language not widely spoken in Pakistan. While not all of the schools are linked to militancy, many promote a narrow interpretation of Islam, emphasizing doctrinal purity and the defense of Islam against other faiths.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Critical thinking and open dialogue are not primary focuses. Madrasas\u2019 resistance to incorporating subjects like computer science or mathematics leaves graduates ill-equipped for the contemporary job market.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">For many families, it is not poverty, but religious conviction, that drives them to enroll children in madrasas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-11\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cI could send my children to private schools to study computers and science, but I\u2019m sending them to a madrasa because I want them to study Islamic education,\u201d said Abdul Wahab, a real estate dealer in Karachi, in southern Pakistan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-12\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Like many devout people in Pakistan, Mr. Wahab believes that a child who memorizes the Quran will bring blessings to the family, including the promise of taking 10 others to paradise in the afterlife.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Despite concerns over radicalization, madrasa administrators say they are unfairly blamed for militancy. \u201cThere are many people who go to liberal schools and are radicalized,\u201d said Qari Shahid Gul, a teacher at a madrasa in Karachi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">He cited Saad Aziz, a graduate of a prestigious business school who was sentenced to death after confessing to involvement in several terrorist activities, including the killing of 45 members of the Ismaili sect of Shiite Islam.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cTerrorism must be curbed, but scapegoating madrasas is not the solution,\u201d Mr. Gul said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>They draw millions of poor Pakistani children with the simple promise of free education, meals and housing. For devout families, they offer Islamic learning rooted in ancient tradition. But to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":390,"featured_media":2797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Long Fight to Keep a Closer Eye on Madrasas Unravels in Pakistan - Frisco Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/friscotimes.org\/?p=2796\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Long Fight to Keep a Closer Eye on Madrasas Unravels in Pakistan - Frisco Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"They draw millions of poor Pakistani children with the simple promise of free education, meals and housing. 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